Prevention of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infections: A Review

The importance of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) in the treatment rhythm disturbances, heart failure, and prevention sudden death is indisputable. However, CIED therapy associated with complications, among which infections are particularly unfavourable terms prognosis. diagnosis management remain complex, a significant impact on mortality healthcare costs. For these reasons, risk factors for methods their have been assessed recent years. This review summarises current state knowledge subject. We also outlined role alternative methods, such as subcutaneous defibrillators, leadless pacemakers, wearable cardioverter defibrillators.